10 Things to Know before Going to Afghanistan !

About Afghanistan

Afghanistan is a landlocked country located in Central Asia, bordered by Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. It is a country with a long and complex history, and has been the site of numerous wars and conflicts over the centuries.

The modern nation of Afghanistan was formed in 1747, when Ahmad Shah Durrani unified the various Pashtun tribes and established the Durrani Empire. The country was ruled by the Durrani dynasty until the 19th century, when it was invaded by the British Empire. The British were eventually forced to withdraw in 1919, and Afghanistan became an independent nation.

In the years that followed, Afghanistan experienced a period of relative stability and economic growth. However, in the late 1970s, the country was plunged into civil war as various factions fought for control. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to prop up the communist government. This led to a decade-long war between the Soviet-backed government and the Afghan Mujahideen, a coalition of Islamic fundamentalist groups.

The Soviet Union withdrew in 1989, and the Mujahideen took control of the country. However, the Mujahideen were unable to form a unified government, and the country descended into chaos. In 1996, the Taliban, a hardline Islamic fundamentalist group, seized control of the country. The Taliban imposed a strict interpretation of Islamic law, and the country became a safe haven for terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda.

In 2001, the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan in an effort to overthrow the Taliban and dismantle al-Qaeda. The Taliban were eventually driven from power, and a new government was established. Since then, the country has been slowly rebuilding, although it still faces many challenges.

The Afghan economy is largely dependent on foreign aid, and the country is still plagued by poverty and unemployment. The security situation is also precarious, with the Taliban and other militant groups still active in many parts of the country. In addition, the country is still struggling to establish a functioning democracy, and corruption remains a major problem.

Despite these challenges, Afghanistan has made some progress in recent years. The country has held several successful elections, and the government has taken steps to improve the economy and promote development. In addition, the country has seen a rise in tourism, as more and more people are drawn to its unique culture and history.

Afghanistan is a country with a long and complex history, and it still faces many challenges. However, with the help of the international community, the country is slowly rebuilding and making progress towards a brighter future.

Cost of Living and Currency in Afghanistan

Afghanistan’s official currency is the Afghan afghani, denoted by the symbol “؋” or “AFN.” One Afghan afghani is divided into 100 puls.

As of February 2023, the exchange rate of the Afghan afghani to the US dollar is approximately 1 USD = 95 AFN. However, it’s worth noting that due to political instability and economic turmoil in Afghanistan, exchange rates and prices can be highly volatile and subject to rapid changes.

The cost of living in Afghanistan can vary widely depending on the location and the type of lifestyle a person leads. In general, the cost of living in Afghanistan is relatively low compared to many developed countries. However, the country has been experiencing high inflation rates in recent years, which has led to rising prices for basic necessities.

Housing is typically the most significant expense for most people, with rental prices varying depending on the city and neighborhood. Other expenses such as food, transportation, and utilities are relatively affordable compared to other countries. However, access to basic goods and services can be limited in some areas due to the ongoing conflict in the country.

It’s worth noting that due to the ongoing conflict and political instability in Afghanistan, the cost of living and economic conditions can change rapidly and unpredictably.

Means of communication in Afghanistan

Unfortunately, due to the current political situation and security concerns in Afghanistan, it is difficult to find reliable and up-to-date information on SIM card and wifi router rental services for travelers. Moreover, many vendors and service providers may have temporarily suspended their operations or may not be available due to the current situation.

In general, it is recommended that travelers consult with their embassy or consulate in Afghanistan or with their travel agency for up-to-date information on available SIM card and wifi rental services. Additionally, it is important to exercise caution and do thorough research before choosing a vendor or service provider, as there may be scams or fraudulent activities targeting travelers.

Afghanistan Languages ​​and Greetings

The official languages of Afghanistan are Pashto and Dari, which are both Indo-European languages. Other languages spoken in Afghanistan include Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, and Pashayi.

Here are some common greetings in Dari and Pashto, along with their pronunciations:

Dari:

• Salam (سلام): Hello Pronunciation: Sah-lahm
• Sobh bekhair (صبح بخیر): Good morning Pronunciation: Sowb be-khair
• Khoda hafez (خدا حافظ): Goodbye Pronunciation: Kho-da ha-fez

Pashto:

• Salam (سلام): Hello Pronunciation: Sah-lam
• Subha khair (صبا خیر): Good morning Pronunciation: Soob-ha khair
• Khuday pa aman (خدای په امن): Goodbye Pronunciation: Khoo-dye pa a-man

It’s worth noting that pronunciation can vary depending on the dialect and accent of the speaker, and these are just rough approximations. Additionally, learning a few simple phrases in the local language can go a long way in building rapport and respect with locals, especially in more traditional or rural areas.

Food and Cuisine in Afghanistan

Afghanistan’s food culture is a blend of various influences, including Persian, Indian, and Central Asian cuisines. The country’s geographic location and history have led to the development of unique and flavorful dishes that reflect its diverse cultural heritage.

Here are some recommended foods and drinks to try in Afghanistan:

1. Kabuli Pulao: This is one of Afghanistan’s most famous dishes, consisting of long-grain rice, lamb or beef, raisins, and carrots. It’s usually served with a side of yogurt and chutney.
2. Mantu: These are dumplings stuffed with spiced ground beef or lamb, onions, and herbs, topped with a tomato-based sauce and yogurt. They’re typically served as an appetizer or snack.
3. Ashak: These are vegetarian dumplings filled with scallions, leeks, and other herbs, topped with a tomato-based sauce and yogurt. They’re a popular dish during the springtime.
4. Bolani: These are stuffed flatbreads filled with potatoes, scallions, and other vegetables, usually served as a snack or appetizer.
5. Shorba: This is a hearty soup made with meat, lentils, vegetables, and a variety of spices. It’s often served as a main course with bread.
6. Chai: Tea is a staple beverage in Afghanistan, often served with sugar and cardamom. It’s typically served in small glasses, and drinking chai is an important social ritual in Afghan culture.
7. Doogh: This is a refreshing yogurt drink flavored with mint, salt, and sometimes carbonated water.
8. Sherbet: This is a sweet, fruity drink made with rosewater, sugar, and fruit syrups. It’s a popular drink during special occasions and celebrations.

It’s worth noting that the availability of certain foods and drinks may vary depending on the region and season. Additionally, due to the ongoing conflict and political instability in Afghanistan, access to food and water can be limited in some areas.

Afghanistan climate and clothing

Afghanistan’s climate varies widely depending on the region and altitude. Generally, the country experiences hot summers and cold winters, with significant variations in temperature between day and night.

In the summer months (June to August), temperatures can reach as high as 40°C (104°F) in some parts of the country, especially in the southern and eastern regions. In the winter months (December to February), temperatures can drop to as low as -15°C (5°F) in higher altitude areas such as the central highlands and the Hindu Kush mountains.

In terms of clothing, it’s important to dress conservatively and modestly in Afghanistan, especially in more traditional or rural areas. Men typically wear long pants and shirts, while women often wear long skirts or dresses and cover their heads with a scarf or shawl.

During the summer months, lightweight and breathable clothing is recommended, as well as a hat or other head covering to protect against the sun. In the winter months, warm layers such as sweaters, jackets, and coats are essential, especially in higher altitude areas where temperatures can drop significantly. It’s also important to bring sturdy and comfortable shoes, as well as any necessary gear for outdoor activities such as hiking or trekking.

Finally, it’s worth noting that due to the ongoing conflict and political instability in Afghanistan, it’s important to check for the latest safety and security information before traveling to the country, and to be prepared for any unexpected changes in weather or circumstances.

Security and Situation in Afghanistan

The security and situation in Afghanistan is complex and constantly evolving, and can vary widely depending on the region and the current political and social climate.

Afghanistan has experienced decades of conflict, instability, and political turmoil, including the Soviet occupation in the 1980s, a civil war in the 1990s, and the US-led invasion in 2001 following the September 11 terrorist attacks. The country has also been plagued by ongoing insurgency and violence from various militant groups, including the Taliban, Al Qaeda, and ISIS.

As of August 2021, the Taliban have regained control of most of the country, following the withdrawal of US and NATO forces after nearly 20 years of conflict. The situation remains highly uncertain and fluid, with reports of violence, human rights abuses, and other concerns emerging on a daily basis.

Foreigners, including tourists, journalists, and aid workers, face a heightened risk of kidnapping, violence, and other security threats in Afghanistan, especially in areas outside of the capital city of Kabul. The US Department of State has issued a Level 4 Travel Advisory (Do Not Travel) for Afghanistan, citing terrorism, crime, kidnapping, and civil unrest as significant risks.

It’s important to keep up-to-date with the latest news and travel advisories before planning any travel to Afghanistan, and to exercise extreme caution and vigilance if traveling to the country. It’s also highly recommended to seek advice from local authorities and security experts, and to follow all local laws and customs.

Religion and Culture of Afghanistan

Afghanistan’s religion and culture are closely intertwined, with Islam playing a central role in the country’s social, political, and cultural life. More than 99% of Afghans are Muslim, with the majority following the Sunni branch of Islam. There is also a small minority of Shia Muslims, primarily of the Hazara ethnic group.

Islam has deeply influenced Afghanistan’s culture, traditions, and social norms. Many aspects of daily life, including dress, food, and social interactions, are shaped by Islamic beliefs and practices. For example, modesty and respect for elders are highly valued, and alcohol and other intoxicants are generally prohibited.

Afghanistan is also home to a rich and diverse range of cultural traditions and artistic expressions, reflecting the country’s long history and its position at the crossroads of various civilizations and cultural influences. Music, poetry, dance, and visual arts are all important elements of Afghan culture, with many styles and genres reflecting the country’s regional and ethnic diversity.

Afghanistan’s traditional dress, especially for women, is also influenced by Islamic customs and social norms. Women often wear long, loose-fitting garments such as the burqa or chador, along with head coverings such as hijabs or niqabs. Men often wear traditional garments such as the perahan tunban or shalwar kameez.

Overall, Afghanistan’s religion and culture are deeply intertwined, with Islam playing a central role in shaping the country’s social, political, and cultural identity.

Transportation in Afghanistan

Transportation in Afghanistan can be challenging due to the country’s rugged terrain, poor infrastructure, and ongoing security concerns. However, there are several modes of transportation available for getting around the country:

1. Road transportation: Most transportation in Afghanistan is done by road, either by private car or public transportation such as buses or taxis. However, road conditions can be poor in some areas, and security concerns can make travel by road risky, especially outside of major cities.
2. Air transportation: Afghanistan has several airports, including Kabul International Airport and regional airports in other major cities. Domestic airlines such as Ariana Afghan Airlines and Kam Air operate regular flights between major cities, which can be a faster and more secure option than traveling by road.
3. Rail transportation: Afghanistan has a limited railway system, with a single rail line connecting the northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif with Uzbekistan. Plans for expanding the railway network are currently under development.
4. Water transportation: Afghanistan has no direct access to the sea, but the country is home to several rivers, including the Amu Darya, which serves as a major transportation route for goods and people between Afghanistan and neighboring countries.

Overall, transportation in Afghanistan can be challenging due to the country’s rugged terrain, poor infrastructure, and security concerns. Travelers are advised to exercise caution and stay informed of the latest security and transportation developments before planning any travel within the country.

Major cities of Afghanistan

Here are three major cities in Afghanistan and an overview of each:

1. Kabul: Kabul is the capital and largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of over 4 million people. It is located in eastern Afghanistan, at an altitude of around 1,800 meters above sea level. The city has a rich history, dating back to at least the 5th century BCE, and has served as a center of trade, culture, and political power for centuries. Today, Kabul is a bustling city with a mix of traditional and modern elements, with many markets, restaurants, museums, and parks. However, the city has also faced significant challenges in recent years, including security concerns, political instability, and poverty.
2. Kandahar: Kandahar is the second-largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of around 614,000 people. It is located in southern Afghanistan, around 500 km southwest of Kabul, and is known for its rich history and cultural heritage. Kandahar has been an important center of trade and politics since at least the 3rd century BCE, and has been ruled by various empires and kingdoms throughout history. Today, the city is a hub of commerce and agriculture, with many markets, mosques, and historical sites. However, Kandahar has also been the site of significant violence and insecurity in recent years, including attacks by the Taliban and other militant groups.
3. Herat: Herat is the third-largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of around 600,000 people. It is located in western Afghanistan, close to the border with Iran, and has a long and rich history as a center of trade, culture, and political power. Herat has been ruled by various empires and kingdoms throughout history, including the Persians, the Greeks, and the Timurids. Today, the city is known for its vibrant arts and culture scene, including music, poetry, and traditional crafts. Herat is also a center of agriculture, with many vineyards and orchards in the surrounding countryside. However, the city has also faced challenges in recent years, including security concerns and economic difficulties.